美国网友热议：为何相对西方国家，包括中国在内的东亚国家相对保守？(附2023年最新排行榜前十排名名单)

中国人和西方人的性格区别是很明显的，最明显的莫过于国人的理性和钻研，而西方人似乎对自然充满好奇，喜欢探索和富有冒险精神。在美版知乎Quora上，美国网友问：为什么相对于西方国家，中国相对保守？这引起各国网友的关注和热议，我们看看他们的回答。

问题

海外网友罗宾•史利文森的回答

In fact, most mainland Chinese are very conservative and traditional. I know, for example, that most Chinese Americans grew up outside their home countries and have integrated into Western society and culture since childhood. Their social culture is free and even somewhat indulgent, but this has not changed the reality that, by contrast, under the influence of Chinese social culture and its related values, at least by the most modern Western standards, they are largely conservative.

事实上，大多数中国大陆人都非常保守和传统。我知道，例如，大多数华裔美国人在母国之外长大，从小就融入西方社会和文化，他们的社会文化是自由甚至有些放纵的，但这并没有改变这样一个现实，即相比之下，在中国社会文化及其相关价值观的影响下，至少以最现代的西方标准来看，这些华裔在很大程度上是保守的。

Even Taiwan and Hong Kong may be more conservative than most Western societies. For example, even in the most developed society in Asia, although technically legal, their laws still require the consent of their spouses for abortion.

即使是中国台湾和香港特区，也可能比大多数西方社会更加保守。例如，即使在港澳台这个亚洲最发达的社会，尽管在技术上合法，但他们的法律仍然要求堕胎必须征得配偶同意。

Therefore, this is not necessarily a difference in the political system itself - but because many national characteristics are deeply rooted in Chinese culture and society.

因此，这不一定是政治制度本身的差异——而是由于许多民族特性深深扎根于中国文化和社会。

Family values, such as respect for parents and the elderly, obedience to and respect for national authority; Emphasize the importance of education; Internal and deep-rooted sense of personal professional ethics; Relatively traditional gender roles - they are both symbols of a very conservative society, rooted in Taoism and Confucianism, and these two ancient and rich traditions have influenced East Asian society for thousands of years.

家庭价值观，如尊重父母和老人、服从和尊重国家权威；大力强调教育的重要性；内在且根深蒂固的个人职业道德感；相对传统的性别角色——它们都是一个非常保守的社会的标志，根植于道教和儒教，这两种古老而丰富的传统影响了东亚社会数千年。

They also teach children the importance of personal responsibility; Self-reliance and self-improvement; Humility, modesty and politeness; Since childhood, they have a sense of responsibility and "impulse control", usually doing housework for them every day, or teaching them to practice musical instruments, or taking additional lessons in regular courses outside of normal schools. Their basic view is that you must always rely on yourself, rather than relying on others. Only by working hard and studying hard can you go further in life.

他们还教导孩子个人责任的重要性；自力更生，自强不息；谦逊、谦逊和礼貌；从小就有责任心和“控制冲动”，通常是每天给他们做家务，或者教他们练习乐器，或者在正常学校以外的常规课程上额外的课。他们的基本观点是，你必须永远首先依靠自己，而不是依赖别人，努力学习，勤奋学习，才能在生活中走得更远。

China also has some strict requirements on the Internet and other public content, and strongly opposes the use of excessive violence and evil elements to maintain "public morality", believing that these elements will have a negative impact on the whole society, especially young people.

中国对互联网等公共内容也有一些严格要求，他强烈反对使用过度暴力和邪恶的元素，从而维护公共道德，大众认为这些元素会对整个社会产生负面影响，尤其是年轻人。

I think the social concept of China is different from that of the West in these aspects. Americans may be surprised by these ideas, but perhaps most Chinese think that American culture is too violent, and may point out that at least in China, there is no frequent violence among young people in their schools.

我认为中国的社会观念与西方的社会观念在这些方面有所不同。美国人可能会对这些想法感到惊讶，但也许大多数中国人认为是美国文化过于暴力，并可能指出，至少在中国，他们的学校里没有频繁发生年轻人暴力事件。

Although some western students full of liberalism may revel in the university, some even drop out of school after a year or two, indulge in entertainment materials, and drink heavily almost every night, most Chinese students hope to study hard to succeed. There is a clear priority for personal education before mass entertainment and hedonism self indulgence, for example, Carefully consider their life choices and the risks and benefits of each possible situation.

虽然一些充斥着自由主义的西方学生可能会在大学里狂欢，有些甚至在一两年后辍学，沉湎于娱乐物质之中，几乎每晚都大量饮酒等等，但大多数中国学生都希望努力学习才能成功，把个人教育放在大众娱乐和享乐主义自我放纵之前有明确的优先顺序，例如，仔细考虑他们的生活选择以及每种可能情况的风险和利益。

Although there are signs of gradual change, it is almost unimaginable even today to have a wide range of premarital or non-traditional relationships. Some families and even schools still use corporal punishment from childhood to teach the next generation to distinguish right from wrong, which may shock most American liberals. Because marriage is a commitment to the family, even divorce is taboo to a large extent, or at least far less common than Western countries, and less active than Western countries.

尽管有逐渐改变的迹象，但广泛的婚前或非传统关系等事情，即使在今天也几乎是不可想象的，一些家庭甚至学校仍在使用从幼年开始的体罚，以教下一代明辨是非，这可能会让大多数美国自由主义者感到震惊。由于婚姻是对家庭的承诺，甚至离婚在很大程度上都是禁忌，或者至少远不如西方国家那么普遍，也没有西方国家那么积极。

For example, in an online survey, 90% of Chinese netizens opposed premarital relationships.

例如，在某项在线调查中，90%的中国网民反对婚前关系。

They believe that China has always been the most powerful and successful civilization in human history. They are always proud to regard China as the longest and most complete world civilization in the past 5000 years, the only cradle of four civilizations, and are destined to regain its ancient glory in the future. They strongly oppose western foreign intervention, show some indifference to climate change and environmental radicalism, strongly support violence control, and overwhelmingly oppose illegal immigration and accepting refugees from war-torn countries:

他们相信，中国一直是人类历史上最强大、最成功的文明，始终自豪地将中国视为5000年来持续时间最长、最完整的世界文明，是四大文明摇篮中唯一的一个，并注定在未来夺回其古老的荣耀。他们强烈反对西方的外国干预，对气候变化呼吁和环境激进主义有些漠不关心，强烈支持暴力管制，并且绝大多数反对非法移民和接受来自战患国家的难民：

For example, 97.4% of Chinese people oppose accepting refugees, which is a shock to most Western liberals.

例如，97.4%的中国人反对接受难民，这是大多数西方自由主义者都会感到震惊的。

In essence, most Chinese people are generally more modern, tolerant and free than the East Central and African people, and may be more like the West in their way of life.

本质上，大多数中国人通常比中东人和非洲人更现代化、更宽容、更自由，而且可能在生活方式上更像西方。

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中国网友Alex Zhang的回答

First of all, it is unreasonable to take the whole West as a unit. Most of the views of the United States and Europe are different, even though the attitudes towards many things within Europe are different.

首先以整个西方为单位是没道理的行为，美国和欧洲大部分的观点是不一样的，即使欧洲内部对很多事物的态度也是不一样。

Secondly, do you mean the concept that only exists in modern China??

其次，你是指的现代中国才有的观念么？？

I am relatively familiar with the United States. Let me compare China and the United States (the United States and modern China) with my personal observation.

我对美国相对比较熟悉，我就以个人观察来比较一下中美吧（美国和现代中国）。

First, the concept of marriage and family. Under the strict marriage related laws and the Puritan character, the requirements for marriage of Americans are actually very simple and conservative - loyalty, peaceful life, children, and common property. To use a more local description, it is the standard "wife and children can eat and drink without worrying" type. Of course, after the women's movement, women's role in the family is not a part-time blessing. Men also basically work, socialize a little, that is, consciously accompany their wives. Generally speaking, their family outlook and lifestyle are quite conservative. For the Chinese family view, this is basically only basic equipment, but not all.

第一，婚姻观和家庭观。美国人的婚姻观在严格的婚姻相关法律和清教徒的品性下，对于婚姻的要求实际上是极为简单和保守——双方忠诚，平和的生活，孩子，共同奋斗的家产。用一个比较土的描述就是标准的老婆孩子热炕头吃喝不愁型的，当然妇女运动过后，女性在家庭中的角色也并非兼职祝福，男性也基本上除了工作，少许社交，也就是自觉陪老婆的节奏，总来看基本上家庭观和生活方式相当保守。对换到中国家庭观来，这基本上只能算基本配备而绝不是全部。

Second, attitude towards religion. We all know the word WASP (American white Protestant), but the influence of religion is far beyond the WASP group. Basically, even if most people in the United States do not believe in religion, they can hardly shake off their sense of fear of God. From home, the proportion of atheism in our country is much higher.

第二，对于宗教的态度。有一个词叫WASP（美国白人新教徒）大家都知道，但是宗教的影响却远远不止针对WASP群体。基本上来说，美国大部分人即使不信教，也难以摆脱对上帝的敬畏感，就中国国内而来，我们的无神论的比例是要高出许多的。

Third, the issue of female "sexual harassment". In China, in the workplace, no matter chat or cooperation, as long as they meet the norms of politeness, there will be basically no major problems. However, in the United States, after the second feminist movement in the 1970s, "sexual harassment" has become a very sensitive issue up to now.

第三，对于女性“性骚扰”的问题。中国国内而言，职场上，对于同事女性不论是聊天也好，还是合作也好，只要符合礼貌规范，基本上不会出现什么大问题。但是呢，在美国，“性骚扰”在70年代第二次女权主义运动后，被搞成了在西方至今为止都非常敏感的一个事情。

For example, I know a sister who sells in a medical enterprise in New York. She is pretty. Once, she went to work with a new look and professional suit. Under normal circumstances, in China, if the boss saw it, he said, XX is very beautiful today. We will think it is a matter without too big a problem. However, the American boss praised with an extremely knotty expression, "You look so good today." It will be regarded as flippant.

举个例子，我认识一位姐姐在纽约某医工企业做销售，其人长得算是比较漂亮的。有一次，她换了新的造型和职业套装去上班，正常情况下，在国内，如果老板看到，称赞一句，XX今天很漂亮。我们会觉得是一件没有什么太大问题的事情。但是，这位美国上司带着无比纠结的表情称赞“你今天看起来真美。”会被认为是言语骚扰。

Fourth, race. The racial issue in the United States has always been sensitive, and there are many folk activists. However, in public, especially in the political arena, the racial issue should not be discussed "seriously" on the "public platform" (please note that it is only for discussion, for example, if you make a documentary film to record the music history of the black race, there will be many disputes in fact). Of course, it's OK for talk show to talk up. Now it's not so confined. This kind of thing basically doesn't exist in China.

第四，种族问题。美国的种族问题一直比较敏感，而且民间的态度激进分子不少。但是在公开场合的情况下，尤其是政治场合的情况下，种族问题是尽量不要“认真”地去在“公开平台”上讨论（请注意仅仅是讨论，比如你做台纪录片仅仅来纪录黑人种族的音乐历史，这实际上是会担很多争议的）。当然脱口秀上调侃一下还是可以的，现在也没有到如此禁锢的地步，这种事情在中国基本上不存在。

Fifth, the sense of privacy in personal life. In China, when talking with good friends, especially when they know each other's relatives, they touch on some household chores and gossip at home, which can be shared.. However, the American chat is very general, and it is rarely possible to touch this area. Although it is not a deliberate precaution, it is not always very willing to talk about some family matters, nor is it particularly willing for others to have some suggestions for their families.

第五，个人生活的隐私感。在国内，比较好的朋友之间，尤其是互相亲戚还认识的情况下，聊天的时候，触及到一些家庭琐事，自家家里的一些八卦，都是可以拿来分享的。。但是老美聊天是非常泛泛的，很少可以去触及这一块的领域，虽然不是刻意的防范，但总归不是很乐意去聊一些家里的事情，也不是特别乐意别人对自己家庭有一些建议。

Seventh, diet. Although the United States has the world's best cooking ethnic groups, Chinese, French, Japanese, Italians brought food, so that restaurants in major American cities have a good reputation in fact.. However, the local WASP in the United States is relatively conservative about food (of course, I personally understand that it is completely without food IQ). For example, chicken mainly eats chicken breast, and can't stand viscera, etc.

第七，饮食方面。美国虽然有全世界最会做饭的民族，华人，法国人，日本人，意大利人带去的美食，让美国大城市的餐馆事实上口碑都不错，但是本土的美国WASP是对食物比较保守的（当然，我个人理解为，完全属于没有美食智商），比如吃鸡主要吃鸡胸，对内脏比较受不了，等等。

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海外网友Eli Chang的回答

It is basically a society based on Confucian values, which attach importance to status, rank and relationship, and the team is more valuable than the individual. Some common views in China:

它基本上是一个建立在儒家价值观之上的社会，儒家价值观重视地位、等级和关系，团队比个人更有价值。中国的一些常见观点：

Premarital sex has not been widely accepted;

婚前性行为还未被广泛接受；

Everyone should have their own children;

每个人都应该有自己的孩子；

Family values (respect for the elderly, etc.);

家庭价值观（尊重长者等）；

Gender equality in the workplace and in schools;

工作场所和学校男女平等；

Dress modestly (such as not deliberately exposing sensitive parts);

衣着端庄（比如不去刻意裸露敏感部位）；

Save money/be frugal in case of emergency;

省钱/节俭，以备不时之需；

The academic achievements rank first, and entertainment is always the last;

学习成绩排名第一，娱乐永远是最后一位的；

Patriotism is very important.

爱国主义很重要。

This is just the tip of the iceberg, but if you compare China and the United States in social and cultural terms, you should remember that China will not be completely more conservative or more liberal, and it advocates the doctrine of the mean. To expand:

这只是冰山一角，但如果你在社会文化上比较中国和美国，你应该记住，中国不会完全更保守或更自由，他更提倡中庸思想。展开来说：

Chinese people tend to be more conservative than Americans in complying with family obligations, working hard and maintaining social harmony and other social norms.

在遵守家庭义务、认真工作和维护社会和谐等社会规范方面，中国人往往比美国人更保守。

On the material/economic level, the Chinese are more progressive than most Americans. They are eager to introduce new systems and adopt traditional methods. People are excited about the latest technology and catching up with the flu.

在物质/经济层面上，中国人比大多数美国人更进步。他们渴望引入新的系统并通过传统方法。人们对最新技术和跟上潮流感到兴奋。

China is progressive in some respects and conservative in others. China's education system is very conservative, providing rote learning and test driven goals, while the West advocates happy education.

中国在某些方面是进步的，而在其他方面则是保守的。中国的教育体系比较保守，提供死记硬背的学习和考试驱动的目标，而西方主张快乐教育。

On the other hand, China's progress in national infrastructure and urban planning is like the comparison between Jaguar and Tortoise.

另一方面，中国在国家基础设施和城市规划方面比美国取得的进步就好比美洲虎和乌龟的对比。

On the whole, China has made more progress in social policies than the United States. Its goal is to directly lift people out of poverty. To this end, China has achieved amazing changes. In other words, the low level of government services and pensions is more in line with the views of American conservatives.

总的来说，中国在社会政策方面比美国更为进步，其目标是直接让人们摆脱贫困，为此，中国已经实现了惊人的转变。也就是说，政府服务和养老金水平较低，更符合美国保守派的观点。

The Chinese will explain that this is because China is still a third world country and cannot economically provide social services at the level of Western Europe. Although taking care of the elderly or the disabled has received support, under pressure, the Chinese do feel that those who cannot support themselves are not worth the benefits, just like the United States.

中国人会解释说，这是因为中国仍然是第三世界国家，在经济上不可能提供西欧水平的社会服务。在这里照顾老年人或残疾人得到了政策和社会的支持，但在压力之下，中国人觉得不能自食其力者者不值得享受福利，就像美国一样。

To sum up, given the generality of the above, it is difficult to answer which country is more conservative.

综上所述，考虑到上述都是概括性的，很难回答哪个国家更保守。